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Oceania is a geographical region consisting of numerous lands – mostly Islands in the Pacific Ocean. The term Oceania was given by a French explorer Dumont d'Urville and is now used in many languages to define particular Islands.
There are two types of Islands in Oceania:
- Coral Islands – These are the tops of coral reefs.
- Volcanic Islands – These are actually peak of volcanic mountains rising from the ocean floor.
Ethnologically, the Islands included in Oceania are divided into subregions of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. Boundaries of the Oceania are defined in different ways. The Northern Hemisphere has parts of Australasia like New Zealand, New Guinea and Australia, whereas the other parts of Malay Archipelago belong to Oceania.
Some scientists and geographers have divided Oceania into Near Oceania and Remote Oceania. Most of the Island nations of Oceania have thousands of coral atolls and volcanic Islands, thus the population there is less. Australia is the only continental country of Oceania, because Indonesia shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, Malaysia and East Timor.
There are eight terrestrial ecozones constituting the major ecological regions of the Earth, and Oceania is one of them. It has ecozones of Micronesia, Fiji and Polynesia.
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